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Works Cited

Anomaly, Jonathan. “The Future of Phage: Ethical Challenges of Using Phage Therapy to Treat Bacterial Infections.” Public Health Ethics, vol. 13, no. 1, 20 Feb. 2020, academic.oup.com/phe/article/13/1/82/5741402, https://doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa003. Accessed 16 Oct. 2023.

Balcha, Fikre Birhanu, and Sultan Abda Neja. “CRISPR-Cas9 Mediated Phage Therapy as an Alternative to Antibiotics.” Animal Diseases, vol. 3, no. 1, 27 Feb. 2023, animaldiseases.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s44149-023-00065-z, https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-023-00065-z. Accessed 20 Oct. 2023.

Hibstu, Zigale, et al. “Phage Therapy: A Different Approach to Fight Bacterial Infections.” Biologics: Targets and Therapy, vol. Volume 16, 6 Oct. 2022, pp. 173–186, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9550173/#:~:text=Phage%20therapy%20is%20a%20way,at%20the%20site%20of%20infection., https://doi.org/10.2147/btt.s381237. Accessed 14 Oct. 2023.

Kapoor, Garima, et al. “Action and Resistance Mechanisms of Antibiotics: A Guide for Clinicians.” Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 33, no. 3, 2017, p. 300, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5672523/, https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.joacp_349_15. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.

Kasman, Laura M., and La Donna Porter. “Bacteriophages.” Nih.gov, StatPearls Publishing, 12 Aug. 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493185/. Accessed 14 Oct. 2023.

Keshvara, Lakhu. “Cell Wall Synthesis.” Www.youtube.com, 8 Aug. 2017, youtu.be/JRHOjgwXBrI?si=zOay9rl9wk0bbbTu. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.

Kohanski, Michael A., et al. “How Antibiotics Kill Bacteria: From Targets to Networks.” Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol. 8, no. 6, 4 May 2010, pp. 423–435, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896384/, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2333. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.

Minh Vien, Le Thi, et al. “High Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Commensal Members of the Enterobacteriaceae in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.” Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 58, no. 12, 1 Dec. 2009, pp. 1585–1592, https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.010033-0. Accessed 6 Nov. 2023.
The main resistance mechanisms to quinolones are mutations in the gyrA and parC genes that alter the conformation of target amino acid residues within the protein (Jacoby, 2005).

Pandey, Neelanjana, and Marco Cascella. “Beta Lactam Antibiotics.” National Library of Medicine, StatPearls Publishing, 4 June 2023, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545311/. Accessed 14 Oct. 2023.

Shaikh, Sibhghatulla, et al. “Antibiotic Resistance and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases: Types, Epidemiology and Treatment.” Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 22, no. 1, Jan. 2015, pp. 90–101, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X14000941, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.08.002. Accessed 7 Nov. 2023.

Tosh, Pritish K. “Protect Yourself from Superbugs.” Mayo Clinic, 2018, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/superbugs/faq-20129283. Accessed 16 Oct. 2023.

Ventola, C. Lee. “The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: Part 1: Causes and Threats.” P & T : A Peer-Reviewed Journal for Formulary Management, vol. 40, no. 4, Apr. 2015, pp. 277–83, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378521/. Accessed 14 Oct. 2023.

Wu, Kevin. “What Causes Antibiotic Resistance? - Kevin Wu.” Www.youtube.com, 7 Sept. 2014, youtu.be/znnp-Ivj2ek?si=jib5BORAUfY-c3Vp. Accessed 12 Oct. 2023.